Devices for Capping Vials Useful in System and Method for Dispensing Prescriptions

ABSTRACT

An apparatus for facilitating the securing of a cap onto a cylindrical container includes a base and a plurality of blades, each of the blades including a sharp edge and being mounted to the base such that the sharp edge is exposed. The blades are mounted in a generally circular arrangement, with the sharp edges generally radiating from a central portion of the base, such that the sharp edges are positioned to engage a circumferential edge of a cap as it is being secured to the cylindrical container. In this configuration, the apparatus can firmly hold the cap as the cylindrical container (such as a pharmaceutical vial) is rotated to secure the cap onto the container.

RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims priority from U.S. Continuation-in-Part patent application Ser. No. 12/014,285, filed Jan. 15, 2008, which claims priority from U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/679,850, filed Feb. 28, 2007 now U.S. Pat. No. 7,596,932, issued Oct. 6, 2009 and from U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/885,269, filed Jan. 17, 2007, now expired; the disclosures of each of which are hereby incorporated herein in their entirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed generally to the dispensing of prescriptions of pharmaceuticals, and more specifically is directed to the automated dispensing of pharmaceuticals.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Pharmacy generally began with the compounding of medicines which entailed the actual mixing and preparing of medications. Heretofore, pharmacy has been, to a great extent, a profession of dispensing, that is, the pouring, counting, and labeling of a prescription, and subsequently transferring the dispensed medication to the patient. Because of the repetitiveness of many of the pharmacist's tasks, automation of these tasks has been desirable.

Some attempts have been made to automate the pharmacy environment. Different exemplary approaches are shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,337,919 to Spaulding et al. and U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,006,946; 6,036,812 and 6,176,392 to Williams et al. The Williams system conveys a bin with tablets to a counter and a vial to the counter. The counter dispenses tablets to the vial. Once the tablets have been dispensed, the system returns the bin to its original location and conveys the vial to an output device. Tablets may be counted and dispensed with any number of counting devices. Drawbacks to these systems typically include the relatively low speed at which prescriptions are filled and the absence in these systems of securing a closure (i.e., a lid) on the container after it is filled.

One additional automated system for dispensing pharmaceuticals is described in some detail in U.S. Pat. No. 6,971,541 to Williams et al. This system has the capacity to select an appropriate vial, label the vial, fill the vial with a desired quantity of a selected pharmaceutical tablet, apply a cap to the filled vial, and convey the labeled, filled, capped vial to an offloading station for retrieval.

Although this particular system can provide automated pharmaceutical dispensing, certain of the operations may be improved. For example, the reliability of the capping operation may be improved and desirable. Also, the ability to accommodate multiple styles and sizes of vials and caps with a single mechanism may also be desirable.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

As one aspect, embodiments of the present invention are directed to an apparatus for facilitating the securing of a cap onto a cylindrical container. The apparatus comprises a base and a plurality of blade edges, each of the blade edges being mounted to the base such that each of the blade edges is exposed. The blade edges are mounted in a generally circular arrangement, with the blade edges generally radiating from a central portion of the base, such that the blade edges are positioned to engage a circumferential edge of a cap as it is being secured to the cylindrical container. In this configuration, the apparatus can firmly hold the cap as the cylindrical container (such as a pharmaceutical vial) is rotated to secure the cap onto the container.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a flow chart illustrating an embodiment of a method according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a pharmaceutical tablet dispensing system according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a cutaway view of the system of FIG. 2 illustrating the support frame, the container dispensing station, the carrier, and the closure dispensing station.

FIG. 4 is a flow chart illustrating an embodiment of a method of applying a closure to a filled vial according to embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a closure station according to embodiments of the present invention in a lowered position.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the closure station of FIG. 5 in a lowered position with the upper stage removed.

FIG. 7 is a side view of the closure station of FIG. 5 in a lowered position.

FIG. 8 is an enlarged perspective section view of the closure station of FIG. 6.

FIG. 9 a is an enlarged top perspective section view of the main stage and drive assembly of the closure station of FIG. 6.

FIG. 9 b is an enlarged bottom perspective section view of the main stage and drive assembly of the closure station of FIG. 6.

FIG. 9 c is a top view of the main stage of the closure station of FIG. 6 with the upper stage removed.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the closure station of FIG. 5 showing the reception of a closure, with the elevator in an intermediate position.

FIG. 10 a is a front view of a closure station with wings according to alternative embodiments of the invention.

FIG. 11 is an enlarged perspective view of the closure station of FIG. 5 showing the clamping of a closure.

FIG. 12 a is a top view of the main stage of the closure station of FIG. 6 with the upper stage removed and the clamps and shields retracted.

FIG. 12 b is a top view of the main stage of the closure station of FIG. 6 with the upper stage and shields removed and the clamps retracted.

FIG. 12 c is a top view of the main stage of the closure station of FIG. 6 with the upper stage removed and the sun and clamp gears visible, wherein the clamps are retracted.

FIG. 13 a is a top view of the main stage of the closure station of FIG. 6 with the upper stage removed showing the clamps and shields closing on a closure.

FIG. 13 b is a top view of the main stage of the closure station of FIG. 6 with the upper stage removed and the sun and clamp gears visible, wherein the clamps and shields are closing on a closure.

FIG. 14 a is a top view of the main stage of the closure station of FIG. 6 with the upper stage removed showing the clamps and shields closed on a closure.

FIG. 14 b is a top view of the main stage of the closure station of FIG. 6 with the upper stage removed and the sun and clamp gears visible, wherein the clamps are closed on a closure.

FIG. 15 is a perspective view of the closure station of FIG. 5 showing the elevator capturing the closure.

FIG. 16 is a perspective view of the closure station of FIG. 5 showing the elevator and closure in a raised position.

FIG. 17 is a perspective view of the closure station of FIG. 5 showing the receipt of a filled vial on the main stage.

FIG. 18 is a perspective view of the closure station of FIG. 5 showing the operating of the clamps to center the filled vial.

FIG. 19 is a perspective view of the closure station of FIG. 5 showing the lowering of the elevator to deposit the closure on the filled vial.

FIG. 20 is a perspective view of the closure station of FIG. 5 showing the rotation of the main stage to secure the closure to the filled vial.

FIG. 20 a is a top view of the main stage of the closure station of FIG. 6 with the upper stage removed showing the sun gear rotating with the main stage.

FIG. 20 b is a top view showing the positions of the clamps and shields as the sun gear rotates with the main stage while securing a vial with a closure.

FIG. 21 is a perspective view of the closure station of FIG. 5 showing the elevator in the raised position and the dispensing carrier retrieving the filled, capped vial from the closure station.

FIG. 22 is a perspective view of a closure station with an alternative embodiment of a cap holder assembly according to embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 23 is a bottom perspective view of the cap holder assembly of FIG. 22.

FIG. 24 is a front view of the cap holder assembly of FIG. 22.

FIG. 25 is a greatly enlarged partial front view of the cap holder assembly of FIG. 22.

FIG. 26 is a greatly enlarged bottom perspective view of the cap holder assembly of FIG. 22 shown with a cap in place.

FIG. 27 is a greatly enlarged end view of a blade edge.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

The present invention will now be described more fully hereinafter, in which preferred embodiments of the invention are shown. This invention may, however, be embodied in different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. In the drawings, like numbers refer to like elements throughout. Thicknesses and dimensions of some components may be exaggerated for clarity.

Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. As used herein the expression “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

In addition, spatially relative terms, such as “under”, “below”, “lower”, “over”, “upper” and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as “under” or “beneath” other elements or features would then be oriented “over” the other elements or features. Thus, the exemplary term “under” can encompass both an orientation of over and under. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.

Well-known functions or constructions may not be described in detail for brevity and/or clarity.

As described above, the invention relates generally to a system and process for dispensing pharmaceuticals. An exemplary process is described generally with reference to FIG. 1. The process begins with the identification of the proper container, tablets or capsules and closure to be dispensed based on a patient's prescription information (Box 20). A container of the proper size is dispensed at a container dispensing station (Box 22), then moved to a labeling station (Box 24). The labeling station applies a label (Box 26), after which the container is transferred to a tablet dispensing station (Box 28), from which the designated tablets are dispensed in the designated amount into the container (Box 30). The filled container is then moved to a closure dispensing station (Box 32), where a closure of the proper size has been dispensed (Box 34). The filled container is secured with a closure (Box 36), then transported to an offload station and offloaded (Box 38).

A system that can carry out this process is illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3 and designated broadly therein at 40. The system 40 includes a support frame 44 for the mounting of its various components. The system 40 generally includes as operative stations a controller (represented herein by a graphics user interface monitor 42), a container dispensing station 58, a labeling station 60, a tablet dispensing station 62, a closure station 100, and an offloading station 66. In the illustrated embodiment, containers, tablets and closures are moved between these stations with a single carrier 68; however, in some embodiments additional carriers may be employed. With the exception of the closure station 100, which is described in detail below, each of the other operative stations and the conveying devices is described in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 6,971,541 to Williams et al., U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 11/599,526; 11/599,576; 11/755,249; and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/938,869, the disclosures of each of which are hereby incorporated herein in its entirety.

Referring now to FIG. 4, general operations of the closure station 100 are illustrated in the form of a flow chart. The closure station 100 can address situations that can arise with prior art systems in which a filled pharmaceutical vial may not be properly aligned with a cap or closure in order for the closure to be applied. According to embodiments of the present invention, a closure is centered along an axis at a first position (Block 80), then translated along that axis to a second position (Block 82). A filled vial or other container is then centered along the axis (Block 84). The centered closure is translated along the axis to a third position adjacent the container (Block 86), and the container is rotated relative to the closure about the axis to secure the closure to the container (Block 88). This method can assure that the closure and container are both centered about the same axis, which in turn can improve the reliability of the process of securing the closure onto the container.

Referring now to FIG. 5, the structure of the closure station 100 (which is capable of carrying out the method described in FIG. 4) is illustrated in some detail therein. The closure station 100 includes a frame 102 upon which other components are mounted. The frame 102 comprises a lower platform 104 that is mounted to the support frame 44 of the system 40 (see FIG. 3 for mounting orientation). An upright support 106 extends upwardly from one end of the lower platform 104. An upper platform 108 extends in cantilever fashion from the upper end of the support 106 over the lower platform 104. An elevator mounting member 109 is fixed to the support 106 and extends upwardly therefrom.

As used herein to describe the relative positions of various components, the terms “front,” “forward”, and derivatives thereof refer to the direction in which the upper and lower platforms 108, 104 extend away from the support 106. The terms “rear”, “back” and derivatives thereof refer to the direction opposite the forward direction. The terms “outward,” “outer,” “lateral” and derivatives thereof refer to the direction beginning at a vertical plane parallel to the forward direction that divides the frame 102 in the center and extending toward its periphery; the terms “inner,” “inward” and derivatives thereof refer to the direction opposite the outer direction.

Referring again to FIG. 5 and more particularly to FIGS. 6 and 7, an elevator 110 is mounted to the rear surface of the support 106. The elevator 110 has a base member 111 that extends vertically and generally parallel to the elevator mounting member 109. A floor 112 merges with the lower end of the base member 111 and extends forwardly over the upper platform 108 of the frame 102. Rails 114 a, 114 b are formed in the outer edges of the elevator mounting member 109 and extend for virtually its entire height. The rails 114 a, 114 b engage bearings 116 that are mounted to the rear surface of the base member 111. A drive pinion 118 is rotatably mounted on the rear side of the base member 111. A drive motor 119 (FIG. 7) is mounted on the front side of the base member 111 opposite the drive pinion 118 to rotate the drive pinion 118 about the axis A1. A toothed rack 120 with outwardly-facing teeth extends vertically on the back side of the elevator mounting member 109.

Referring to FIGS. 5 and 7, a suction block 127 is mounted to the floor 112. The block 127 includes an air intake bore 126 that leads from the upper surface of the block 127 to its lower surface, where a suction pad 128 is mounted. An air hose (not shown) is inserted into the bore 126 and is attached to a suction source (also not shown) to apply suction to the suction pad 128.

Referring now to FIGS. 5, 6, 8, 9 a and 9 b, a centering assembly 130 is mounted to the upper platform 108 and support 106 of the frame 102. A mounting bracket 133 is mounted to the underside of the upper platform 108. A motor 134 is mounted to the underside of the mounting bracket 133. A shaft 136 having a shoulder 136 a is coupled to the motor 134 via a coupling 135 and extends upwardly therefrom through a bore in a bearing 137 that is fixed to the upper platform 108. The shaft 136 also extends through a spring 142 that is positioned above and rests on the shoulder 136 a, a thrust bearing 139 a against which the upper end of the spring 142 presses, a sun gear 140 with teeth 140 t that is separated from the top surface of the bearing 137 via a clutch washer 141, and a second thrust bearing 139 b. The shaft 136 terminates at a fixed joint with a main stage 138 that is positioned above the thrust bearing 139 b. The shaft 136, the sun gear 140, and the main stage 138 are all rotatable about an axis of rotation A2.

Referring once again to FIGS. 6, 8, 9 a-9 c and 12 a, three clamp gears 144 a, 144 b, 144 c are mounted via rotating shafts 145 to the underside of the main stage 138 for rotation about respective axes of rotation A3, A4, A5. The clamp gears 144 a, 144 b, 144 c are mounted near the periphery of the main stage 138 at 120 degree intervals about the axis A2, such that their teeth 144 t engage the teeth 140 a of the sun gear 140. A respective clamp 146 a, 146 b, 146 c is mounted on each shaft 145 above the upper surface of the main stage 138.

Referring now to FIGS. 9 a-9 c and 12 a-12 c, each clamp 146 a, 146 b, 146 c is generally teardrop-shaped, with a long straight edge 147 a, a shorter curved edge 147 b that meets the edge 147 a near the axis of rotation of the clamp, and an arcuate edge 147 c. Three sets of teeth 148 a, 148 b, 148 c are located about the arcuate edge 147 c of each clamp. A thin shield 150 of similar but slightly larger shape overlies each clamp 146 a, 146 b, 146 c. The shields 150 are attached magnetically to the clamps and also rotate about their respective axes of rotation with the clamps, but are also free to rotate independently of the clamps if an independent horizontal force is applied thereto. The magnetic interaction between the shields and the clamps can be created by, for example, employing a sheet metal shield and a magnet in each clamp, a plastic shield with a molded-in magnet and a metal clamp, or other variations. A stop 151 is positioned adjacent each of the clamps 146 a, 146 b, 146 c.

Referring again to FIG. 5, an upper stage 152 is fixed to the upper surface of the main stage 138 above the clamps 146 a, 146 b, 146 c. The upper stage 152 includes a large central aperture 154 that is bounded by sloping surfaces 155 that drain into the aperture 154.

Operation of the closure station 100 can be understood with reference to FIGS. 10-21. As shown in FIG. 10, the closure station 100 can begin in an intermediate position, in which the suction pad 128 located beneath the suction block 127 of the elevator 110 is located just above the upper stage 152. In this position, the closure station 100 is free to receive a closure (i.e., a lid for a vial) from, for example, a closure dispensing station similar to that shown in U.S. Pat. No. 6,971,541 to Williams et al., or one similar to that shown in co-pending and co-assigned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/693,929, filed Mar. 30, 2007. In some embodiments, the closure is automatically dispensed and travels down a chute (not shown) to the closure station 100. The gap between the suction pad 128 and the upper stage 152 is such that a closure can enter the upper stage 152, but cannot escape.

The controller 42 signals the closure station 100 that a vial is to be filled, which causes a closure C to be dispensed from the closure dispenser. Because receipt of the closure C is facilitated with the clamps 146 a, 146 b, 146 c retracted as far as possible, the controller 42 signals the drive motor 134 to rotate the drive motor shaft 136 (in a clockwise direction from the vantage point of FIG. 12 c). Rotation of the drive motor shaft 135 rotates the main stage 138 (also in a clockwise direction from the vantage point of FIG. 12 c) about the axis A2. However, compression in the spring 142 draws the main stage 138 against the thrust bearing 139 b, which in turn forces the thrust bearing 139 b into the sun gear 140 and the sun gear 140 against the clutch washer 141. Friction between the sun gear 140 and the clutch washer 141 prevents the sun gear 140 from rotating about the axis A2. As a result, as the main stage 138 rotates, the engagement of each of the clamp gears 144 a, 144 b, 144 c with the sun gear 140 rotates the clamp gears 144 a, 144 b, 144 c in a clockwise direction (from the vantage point of FIGS. 9 c and 12 a-12 c) about, respectively, the axes A3, A4, A5, which in turn rotates the clamps 146 a, 146 b, 146 c clockwise about the same axes. As the clamps 146 a, 146 b, 146 c rotate, their arcuate edges 147 c rotate to face generally outwardly from the axis A2. This disposition opens the main stage 138 to receive a closure C from the closure dispenser. Clamp rotation ceases when each clamp 146 a, 146 b, 146 c strikes its respective stop 151. Continued rotation of the main stage 138 causes the sun gear 140 to slip and rotate with respect to the clutch washer 141. Regardless of additional rotation of the main stage 138, relative rotation of the main stage 138, the sun gear 140 and the clamps 146 a, 146 b, 146 c ceases (see FIGS. 12 a-12 c).

As shown in FIG. 10, upon arriving at the closure station 100, the closure C is received in the aperture 154 of the upper stage 152. The sloping surfaces 155 assist in guiding the closure C as it exits the chute and urge the closure C to come to rest in the aperture 154.

Once the closure C has been deposited in the aperture 154 (the presence of the closure C can be determined in different ways, such as detection by a sensor located in a closure delivery chute, the passage of a predetermined period of time, or the like), the controller 42 reverses the direction of the drive motor 134. Thus, the motor 134 rotates the main stage 138 counterclockwise (from the vantage point of FIG. 12 c) about the axis A2. Again, the compression in the spring 142 generates sufficient force on the shaft 136 that the clutch washer 141 prevents rotation of the sun gear 140. Consequently, rotation of the main stage 138 rotates the clamp gears 144 a, 144 b, 144 c and the clamps 146 a, 146 b, 146 c counterclockwise (from the vantage point of FIGS. 12 c, 13 a and 13 b) and out from under the upper stage 152. Thus, the arcuate edges 147 c of the clamps 146 a, 146 b, 146 c, which begin facing radially outwardly from the center of the main stage 138, rotate to face inwardly toward axis A2 (see FIGS. 13 a and 13 b).

As the clamps 146 a, 146 b, 146 c continue to rotate counterclockwise, each of the shields 150 resting atop each clamp 146 a, 146 b, 146 c rotates also. Because the shields 150 overhang the arcuate edges 147 c of the clamps 146 a, 146 b, 146 c, the edge of the shield 150 strikes the closure C first. Contact with the shield 150 urges the closure C toward the center of the aperture 154. The presence of the shields 150 can prevent the closure C, which may have ridges to facilitate gripping by someone subsequently attempting to unscrew the closure C or other childproofing features, from becoming snagged or caught on one of the sets of teeth 148 a, 148 b, 148 c of the arcuate edge 147 c as it is being urged to the center of the aperture 154.

Once each shield 150 has contacted the closure C, the shields 150 are forced by the closure C to rotate clockwise relative to their respective clamps 146 a, 146 b, 146 c until the arcuate edges 147 c of the clamps 146 a, 146 b, 146 c contact and grip the edges of the closure C (see FIG. 14 a). The rotation of the shields 150 ceases after each of the clamps 146 a, 146 b, 146 c has contacted the closure C; this can be determined based on a predetermined time period, a torque or position sensor, or the like. Through the action of the slip clutch described above with respect to FIGS. 9 a-9 c and 12 a-12 c, continued rotation of the main stage 138 will not produce additional relative rotation of the main stage 138, the sun gear 140, or the clamps 146 a, 146 b, 146 c. At this point the closure C should be centered in the aperture 154 (FIGS. 14 a and 14 b).

Once the closure C is centered and rotation of the main stage 138 ceases, the controller 42 actuates the drive motor 119, which rotates the drive gear 118 (the rotation is clockwise from the vantage point of FIGS. 10 and 15). Rotation of the drive gear 118 as its teeth engage the teeth of the rack 120 drives the elevator 110 downward (FIG. 15). The elevator 110 ceases its downward movement when the suction cup 128 positioned beneath suction block 127 contacts the closure C (movement of the elevator 110 ceases responsive to position sensors, force sensors, or the like). At this point the controller 42 signals the suction source to apply suction to the suction cup 128, thereby attaching the closure C thereto.

After the closure C is attached to the suction cup 128 (this can be verified with a vacuum contact switch or the like), the controller 42 activates the drive motor 119, which drives the drive gear 118 in a counterclockwise direction and raises the elevator 110, thereby translating the closure C along the axis A2 to a raised position (FIG. 16). In addition, the controller 42 signals the drive motor 134 to reverse direction (i.e., the shaft 136 rotates clockwise from the vantage point of FIGS. 14 a and 14 b), which action rotates the clamps 146 a, 146 b, 146 c slightly clockwise toward their original positions to release the substantially centered closure C (FIG. 16).

When the elevator 110 has completed its ascension (FIG. 16), having translated the closure C along the axis A2 while maintaining it in a centered condition, the closure station 100 is then free to receive a filled vial V from the dispensing carrier 70 (FIG. 17). The dispensing carrier 70 conveys the filled vial V to the aperture 154 of the upper stage 152, deposits it there, and withdraws. The controller 42 then signals the drive motor 134 to rotate the main stage 138 counterclockwise (from the vantage point of FIG. 12 a). As described above, this rotation rotates the clamps 146 a, 146 b, 146 c and the shields 150 counterclockwise such that they contact and substantially center the lower end of the filled vial V (FIG. 18). As a result, both the closure C and the filled vial V are substantially centered by the same components. This should register the closure C and the filled vial V along the axis A2 for subsequent securing of the closure C on the filled vial V.

At the same time, the controller 42 activates the drive motor 119 to lower the elevator 110 and translate the closure C along the axis A2 until the closure C is in position just above the top of the filled vial V (FIG. 19). The main stage 138 continues to rotate, and the elevator 110 descends until the closure C encloses the perimeter of the upper edge of the filled vial V (movement of the elevator 110 continues responsive to position sensors, force sensors, or a combination thereof). The elevator 110 maintains a downwardly-directed force to urge the closure C against the upper edge of the vial V.

Once the closure C is in position for securing, the main stage 138 continues its counterclockwise rotation (with the closure C remaining stationary due to friction between it and the suction cup 128). Because the clamps 146 a, 146 b, 146 c are clamped against the vial V, they are prevented from further counterclockwise rotation. Accordingly, the clamp gears 144 a, 144 b, 144 c are also prevented from rotating counterclockwise. As a result, the clamp gears 144 a, 144 b, 144 c apply a counterclockwise torque to the sun gear 140 (see FIGS. 20, 20 a and 20 b). This torque overcomes the friction between the sun gear 140 and the clutch washer 141, thereby enabling the sun gear 140 to rotate counterclockwise with the shaft 136 and the main stage 138 (and the vial V clamped thereon) to continue to rotate counterclockwise. This counterclockwise rotation of the vial V relative to the stationary closure C twists the closure C onto the vial V (see FIG. 20). Rotation can be halted based on a predetermined time period, a position sensor, a torque sensor, or the like.

It is also notable that, in the illustrated embodiment, the positions of the teeth 148 a, 148 b, 148 c on the arcuate edge 147 c of each clamp 146 a, 146 b, 146 c are selected such that, as the closure C is centered, the angle between the respective axis A3, A4, A5 of each clamp 146 a, 146 b, 146 c, the point of contact of the teeth 148 a, 148 b, 148 c with the vial V, and the axis A2 approaches, but does not exceed, 180 degrees (an angle of between about 140 and 178 degrees is typical—see FIG. 20 b). This angular relationship can provide a high gripping force for the clamps 146 a, 146 b, 146 c on the vial V and can generate a high reactive torque in the clamping gears 144 a, 144 b, 144 c to assist the sun gear 140 in overcoming the friction provided by the clutch washer 141. In the illustrated embodiment, the positions of the teeth 148 a, 148 b, 148 c are selected to correspond to three popular vial sizes, but other embodiments may employ teeth in different locations, may omit them entirely, may have a different number of sets of teeth, or may have virtually the entire arcuate edge 147 c covered with a continuous set of teeth.

Once securing of the closure C is complete, the controller 42 signals the suction source to deactivate, activates the drive motor 119 to raise the elevator 110, and activates the drive motor 134 to rotate the main stage clockwise to release the clamps 146 a, 146 b, 146 c from the now-capped filled vial V. The controller 42 then signals the dispensing carrier 70 (FIG. 21) to retrieve the capped, filled vial V for subsequent operations (such as offloading). The clamps 146 a, 146 b, 146 c rotate clockwise until their straight edges 147 a contact the stops 151, which action slides the shields 150 back to their original positions atop their respective clamps.

Those skilled in this art will recognize that other configurations of the closure station 100 may also be employed with the present invention. For example, delivery of the closure C to the closure station 100 may be carried out with any number of techniques, including through the use of chutes, channels, belts or other conveying devices of different configurations, robotic or “pick and place” delivery, or other methods known to those skilled in this art.

As another example, in some embodiments, and as shown in FIG. 10 a, the floor 112 may include wings 112 a, 112 b on either side thereof. The wings 112 a, 112 b are mounted on upwardly-turned flanges 112 c, 112 d. The wings 112 a, 112 b are formed of flexible sheets of polymeric material. In this embodiment, when the closure C is released from a chute (not shown), the gap between the suction pad 128 and the upper stage 152 is such that the wings 112 a, 112 b are positioned in the chutes and are deflected slightly. The wings 112 a, 112 b can act as gates that stop the movement of the closure C in the chute. Subsequent elevation of the elevator 110 raises the wings 112 a, 112 b out of the chutes so that the closure C can continue to the main stage 138. Inclusion of the wings 112 a, 112 b can prevent the closure C from “overshooting” the main stage 138 as it descends in the chute and can also help to control the final position of the closure C on the main stage by controlling the speed of the closure C.

In other embodiments, the centering assembly 130 may have a different configuration. For example, the sun gear 140 may be omitted, and a drive motor or similar drive unit may be attached to the central shaft 136 that depends from the main stage, such that the main stage 138 is driven directly by the shaft 136. The shields 150 may be omitted in some embodiments, or friction between the shields 150 and the clamps 146 a, 146 b, 146 c may be created via a clutch or similar mechanism. Also, in certain embodiments, the upper stage 152 may be omitted, and the main stage 138 may have a concave upper surface, such that a closure entering the closure station is centered generally by the contour of the upper surface of the main stage prior to clamping with the clamps 146 a, 146 b, 146 c. Alternatively, the main stage 138 may be stationary (as would the vial captured thereby) as a component of the elevator rotates a closure held by the elevator. As another alternative, the capped vial may arrive unlabeled for capping and the label may be applied as the vial rotates during or after capping. Further, the vial may be unlabeled, and printing of information regarding the prescription may be printed directly onto the vial as the vial rotates during the capping process, or the vial may arrive with a blank label onto which prescription information is printed during or after capping.

In addition, the suction block 127 may be replaced with a cap holder assembly 200, as illustrated in FIGS. 22-26. The cap holder assembly 200, which is mounted on the underside of the floor 112, includes a base 202 having a disk-shaped projection 204. Six recesses 206 are arranged generally circumferentially equidistant about the projection 204 and extend upwardly into the projection (see FIG. 23), such that they generally radiate from the center of the projection 204. A blade 208 with a sharp lower edge 210 is mounted in each of the recesses 206 via screws 209 (in other embodiments, different numbers of blades may be employed, including a single blade with multiple edges). In some embodiments, the sharp edges 210 are honed to an angle of between about 40 and 90 degrees, with a 60 degree angle being typical (see FIG. 27). A suction cup 212 is mounted in the center of the projection 204.

Referring now to FIG. 22, on the upper side of the base, a shoulder 214 extends upwardly. A shaft 216 extends out of the shoulder 214. A bore 218 extends through the shaft 216 and shoulder 214 to the suction cup 212 to provide suction thereto from a suction source (not shown).

As can be seen in FIGS. 23, 24 and 25, the blades 208 are mounted in the recesses 206 with the radially outward portions of the blades 208 positioned lower than the radially inward portions of the blades 208, such that the edges 210 form an angle α with the underlying surface. In some embodiments, the angle α is between about 0.5 and 30 degrees, with a range of 0.5 and 5.0 degrees being typical. Also, the blades 208 are mounted such that their edges 210 are slightly offset from the center of the suction cup 212 (see FIG. 23). In addition, and referring to FIG. 27, the blade edges 210 are mounted in the recesses so that their leading surfaces 210 a are substantially vertical (e.g., for an edge that forms a 60 degree angle, the blade 208 is mounted at a 30 degree angle relative to horizontal).

In operation, the cap holder assembly 200 lowers to pick up a centered cap from the centering assembly 130 in the same manner as described above in connection with the suction block 127, and descends with the cap in the same manner after a vial is centered by the centering assembly 130 (FIG. 22). However, once the cap C engages the vial and the centering assembly 130 begins to rotate the vial, the lower edges 210 of the blades 208 can dig into the perimeter edge of the cap to provide additional gripping torque and help to prevent slipping of the cap relative to the suction cup 212 as the vial rotates (FIG. 26). As shown in FIG. 27, with the leading surface 210 a of the each lower edge 210 being substantially vertical, the surface is substantially normal to the top surface of the cap, which tends to increase the gripping force provided by each edge 210. Also, because the lower edges 210 of the blades 208 are sloped downwardly as they extend radially outwardly, they can be used with caps of multiple sizes and can still provide additional gripping torque. Once the cap is secured on the vial, the cap holder assembly 200 rises away from the centering assembly and permits the dispensing carrier 70 to retrieve the labeled, filled, capped vial for subsequent operations.

The foregoing is illustrative of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting thereof. Although exemplary embodiments of this invention have been described, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that many modifications are possible in the exemplary embodiments without materially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of this invention. Accordingly, all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of this invention as defined in the claims. The invention is defined by the following claims, with equivalents of the claims to be included therein. 

1. An apparatus for facilitating the securing of a cap onto a cylindrical container, comprising: a base; and a plurality of detachable blades defined by substantially planar and parallel upper and lower surfaces and blade edges, the blades being mounted to the base such that each of the blade edges is exposed; wherein the blades are mounted in a generally circular arrangement, with the blades generally radiating from a central portion of the base, such that the blade edges are positioned to engage a circumferential edge of a cap as it is being secured to the cylindrical container; wherein the blades are mounted such that the blade edges slope slightly downwardly as they radiate from the central portion of the base; and wherein the lower surfaces of the blades define planes that are oriented at an oblique angle to an axis that passes through a circle defined by the circular arrangement of the blades.
 2. The apparatus defined in claim 1, further comprising a suction cup mounted to the central portion of the base.
 3. The apparatus defined in claim 1, wherein each of the blade edges includes a leading surface, and wherein the leading surface is substantially normal to a top surface of the cap when the blade edges contact the cap.
 4. The apparatus defined in claim 1, wherein the blade edges slope downwardly at an angle of between about 0.5 and 30 degrees relative to horizontal.
 5. The apparatus defined in claim 1, wherein the base includes recesses in a lower surface thereof, and wherein the blades are mounted in the recesses.
 6. The apparatus defined in claim 1, wherein the plurality of blades is six blades.
 7. The apparatus defined in claim 3, wherein each of the blade edges forms an angle of between about 40 and 90 degrees. 